Nickan Research Institute Journal of Renal Endocrinology 2423-6438 11 1 2025 01 01 Stem cell therapy in diabetes mellitus; a mini-review on recent trends e25191 e25191 10.34172/jre.2025.25191 EN Parto Nasri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-8860 Journal Article 10.34172/jre.2025.25191 2025 02 21 2025 05 21 Stem cells, particularly human pluripotent stem cells, can be effectively differentiated into functional insulin-producing beta cells that mimic native cells in structure and glucose responsiveness. These cells have demonstrated the ability to reverse diabetes in animal models upon transplantation, either through further in- vivo maturation or as fully matured cells generated in-vitro. Activation of endogenous pancreatic progenitors also offers a complementary regenerative approach. Despite these advances, clinical application requires overcoming immune rejection, ensuring safety, and validating long-term efficacy in humans.